The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield Universityr TUOS) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Its history traces back to the foundation of Sheffield Medical School in 1828, Firth College in 1879 and Sheffield Technical School in 1884.University College of Sheffield was subsequently formed by the amalgamation of the three institutions in 1897 and was granted a royal charter as University of Sheffield in 1905 by King Edward VII.Sheffield is formed from 50 academic departments which are organised into five faculties and an international faculty. The annual income of the institution for 2021–22 was £817 million, of which £204.8 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £889.5 million.Known for world-leading engineering research, the university leads collaboration with Harvard and MIT and partnerships with over 125 companies including BAE Systems, Boeing, Rolls-Royce and Airbus at the 150-acre Advanced Manufacturing Park.Sheffield ranks among the top 10 of UK universities for research grant funding,and it has become number one in the UK for income and investment in engineering research according to new data published by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA).The university is one of the original red brick universities and a founding member of the prestigious Russell Group. It is also part of the Worldwide Universities Network, the N8 Group of the eight most research intensive universities in Northern England and the White Rose University Consortium. Sheffield has been ranked in between 66th and 104th best university in the world by QS for the last fifteen years. ARWU ranked Sheffield 9th overall in the UK and THE ranked the university 22nd in Europe for teaching excellence.According to the latest Research Excellence Framework 2021, Sheffield is ranked 11th in the UK for research power calculated by multiplying the institution's GPA by the total number of full-time equivalent staff submitted.There are eight Nobel laureates affiliated with Sheffield and six of them are the alumni or former long-term staff of the university. They are contributors to the development of penicillin, the discovery of the citric acid cycle, the investigation of high-speed chemical reactions, the discovery of introns in eukaryotic DNA, the discovery of fullerene, and the development of molecular machines. Alumni also include several heads of state, Home Secretaries, Court of Appeal judges, Booker Prize winners, astronauts and Olympic gold medallists.